Learn how a flip in Earth's magnetic field may have caused changes in the radiation on our planet.

Ben Woodcroft receives funding from the ARC. Adrián A. Davín does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has ...

Watch the Earth's tectonic plates grow, shrink, and jostle for position in this new model of the last billion years on the ...

A new SwRI-led paper highlights the scientific progress made in understanding the evolution of terrestrial planets, including the effects of late large impacts on pre-existing modes of tectonics. For ...

There are roughly a trillion species of microorganisms on Earth—the vast majority of which are bacteria. Bacteria consist of a single cell. They do not have bones and are not like big animals that ...

Unfortunately, this book can't be printed from the OpenBook. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a PDF. Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this ...

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current plays an important part in global overturning circulation, the exchange of heat and CO2 between the ocean and atmosphere, and the stability of Antarctica's ice sheets ...

Bacteria are the most diverse organisms on Earth, with a number of species that's difficult to quantify. They're also incredibly old Bacteria consist of a single cell. They do not have bones and are ...